#ckks

2 articles tagged with ckks.

Oct 19, 202667 min read

THOR: Non-Interactive Transformer Inference with Pure HE

ACM CCS 2025: diagonal representation + compact packing drive the rotation count down to 2%–5% of BOLT in the two most expensive CC-MM cases, and BERT-base with 128 tokens runs in 10 minutes on a single GPU; but 56% of a layer's time goes to bootstrapping.

private-inference fhe

Oct 19, 202696 min read

Odin (system name in the body: THEMIS): an open-source FHE inference implementation for Llama-3-8B

Notes on arXiv 2609.12378: CKKS packing determines the cost of LLM homomorphic inference; the body of the paper's Chapter 4 is missing, the core evidence sits in the authors' open-source repository, and the 4.51× is not reproducible.

private-inference fhe